Air pollution -POSTER SESSION

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a significant constituent of airborne fine particles. A multistep derivatization method was developed, optimized, and validated for the determination of organic compounds in the atmospheric aerosol with mono- and multi-functional species, with GC/MS. The first step includes the alkylation of the carbonyl (C=O) moieties using o-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride as the derivatization reagent. The second step refers to the conversion of carboxylic acids to methyl ester derivatives using TMSD/methanol or BF3/methanol. Finally, alcohols are converted to trimethylsilyl ethers with BSTFA+ 1% TMCS. The use of TMSD/methanol as the derivatization reagent in step 2 is preferred for the procedure, achieving higher sensitivity. Additionally, BF3/MeOH was ineffective at converting some mono/dicarboxylic acids and species with more than 2-OH moieties. The derivatization procedure in stage 3 was optimized yielding the appropriate reaction temperature and time, while in stage 2 yielding the appropriate amounts of the derivatization reagents. The method was validated for twenty-two compounds which are possible SOA tracers. Detection limits ranged from 0.31 to 0.98 ng m-3 and recoveries from 73.5% to 108%. The method was applied to field samples from rural and industrial areas with concentration levels ranging from below limits of detection to 42 ng m-3.

Saturday
Poster presentation in Air pollution -POSTER SESSION

Along with continuous progress in the reduction of emissions from road vehicles, the Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) becomes a more and more important source of emissions.
Namely, although the EU Regulation 2016/1628 for NRMM introduces the latest limit emission values known as Stage V, their values are still considerably higher than those of road vehicles. Also, the average age of the NRMMs is always significantly higher than the average age of road vehicles. Additionally, a significant share of NRMM is used in highly urbanised areas.
To enable the emission inventories of higher quality, it is necessary to enable a better data collection on usage and working conditions of NRMM required for the development of emission inventories.
With that goal in mind, an organisational scheme for implementation of rules on type approval for Non-Road Mobile Machinery in the Republic of Croatia is proposed. Besides, an organisational scheme for market surveillance is proposed. An additional benefit of proposed market surveillance is the collection of data and development of corresponding emission factors for NRMMs.

Saturday
Poster presentation in Air pollution -POSTER SESSION
[CEST2019_00749] Risk assessment and apportionment studies of particulate pollution at Ankamaly,South India
by Keerthi R., Selvaraju N., Varghese L.A.

In the present world which is engulfed by the ill-effects of air pollution, stringent permissible emission standards to curb pollution are mandatory. Source and risk apportionment studies help to understand the sources and their contributions. Four parameters, lifetime average daily dose, hazard quotient, hazard index, excess cancer risk helped in assessing the risk at sampling site selected at Ankamaly, Kerala. Lifetime average daily dose was found be in the descending order as Fe> K> Na> Ca. Hazard quotient values were found to be greater than one for Mn and Cr, which conveys the non-carcinogenic effects due to pollution. Cu, Ni, and Zn were within safe limits. Chromium was found to be the main risk causing pollutant. Excess cancer risk (ECR) values shoot up to 6.67×10-3 for child and 2.86×10-3 for adults, which shows it is alarming. Risk apportionment was done and the highest contributors to risk were found to be smelting activities (92.4%) followed by wood residue burning (4.2%) and paved road dust (3.2%).

Saturday
Poster presentation in Air pollution -POSTER SESSION