Session 29 - Energy technologies and sustainability

The thermal degradation behaviour and activation energy of biomass can be utilized to know the behaviour and constituent of biomass degradation rate prior to gasification. Suitability of biomass for gasification and power generation was prejudged by its thermo-physical properties. The present study was to explore the thermo-chemical behaviour of agricultural waste biomass for gasification were investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis method. Two methods was adopted for evaluating the apparent activation energies of agriculture residue i.e. The Kissinger Akahira Sunose (KAS), The Flynn-wall-ozawa (FWO) methods. The results showed that corncob was sensitive to heat and it has the lowest lignin content and activation energy, therefore, it is best suited for feedstock in pallet form for gasifier engine system for producer gas generation in a remote area like village and hill station.

Session: 29, Room: E, at Fri, 09/06/2019 - 12:30 to 12:45
Oral presentation in Energy technologies and sustainability

Geochemical reactions play an important role in CO2 geological storage environments. CO2-brine-rock interactions will be enhanced in low pH environment, because of acidity in reservoir being strengthened due to CO2 dissolution. TOUGHREACT is used conduct kinetic batch modeling and reactive transport modeling in Shihezi formation in Ordos basin, where the first CCS project is carried out in China. Simulations are based on the core data, which are focused on effects of CO2 for pH, gas saturation, geochemical interactions, porosity and permeability in formation. Results show thath K-feldspar and albite, main components of alkaline feldspar, are dissolved, while ankerite and siderite are precipitated. Quartz, calcite and dawsonite are dissolved first and then precipitated, whose reaction mechanisms are associated with environment pH value, temperature and electrolyte existing. These results are consistent with observations in laboratory experiments. For CO2 squestration, whether minerals are dissolved and precipitated, amount of CO2 will be consumed, which will promote CO2 dissolution in formation resulting in CO2 sequestrated underground. These processes may be very slow, but dissolved and mineralized deposits are ideal CO2 storage.

Session: 29, Room: E, at Fri, 09/06/2019 - 13:21 to 13:24
Flash presentation in Energy technologies and sustainability

Among the pillars of the sustainability, the aspect of prolongation of life of constructions has to be involved. Focus on sustainability leads to study of durability of building materials. Phenomenon called bio-corrosion can result in structure deterioration. Special attention is paid to oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfuric acid by bacteria community established on a concrete surface. The type of the binder and composition of aggregate is a very important factor for investigation of the bio-corrosion processes of concrete. In this paper, a comparison of deleterious processes proceeded in cement composites exposed to bacterial influence was investigated. Concentrations of dissolved ions (Ca, Si) in leachate (as an indicator of bio-corrosion) after 270-day exposure to Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans were measured every 7 days during the experiment. The samples of cement mortars and concrete composites were compared. The correlation analysis was confirmed to be a useful tool to help the interpretation of the experimental findings.

Session: 29, Room: E, at Fri, 09/06/2019 - 13:18 to 13:21
Flash presentation in Energy technologies and sustainability

Nitrogen co-doped with fluorine on reduced graphene oxide (N-F-rGO) was prepared by one-pot hydrothermal treatment method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) spectra revealed the successful doping of nitrogen and fluorine into the rGO. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) results demonstrated high surface area of N-F-rGO that are favorable for O2 adsorption. The results show that N-F-rGO catalyst has improved the catalytic performance electrode for the ORR in alkaline environment than the fluorine undoped N-rGO. The Koutechy-Levich (KL) analysis and rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) measurements suggest that N-F-rGO dominantly favors a 4e- reduction process. The nitrogen co-doped with fluorine on rGO exhibited remarkable long-term stability towards the ORR than Pt/C. These improved electrochemical properties indicate that N-F-rGO will be promising candidates for cost-effective electrode materials for application of non-polluting alternative energy sources.

Session: 29, Room: E, at Fri, 09/06/2019 - 13:00 to 13:15
Oral presentation in Energy technologies and sustainability

The utilization of electric vehicles (EVs) is considered as the new tool against the serious problems resulting from the oil products consumption in the transportation sector. In this context, the current work first estimates the real world electricity consumption of commercial EVs, including charging and discharging losses, using long term experimental measurements. Accordingly, on the basis of the total electricity consumption and using the electricity generation fuel mix (mainland vs. remote islands), the corresponding air pollutants are predicted. On the other hand, one may estimate the air pollutants’ emissions of contemporary EVs using experimental measurements and data provided by the EV manufacturers and other external accreditation bodies. According to the results obtained one should point out that current EVs may surcharge the environment with a higher volume of pollutants than the corresponding ICE-based ones, especially when coal-based and oil-based electricity is used to charge the batteries of the EV. On the other hand, if using renewable energy sources to charge the batteries of EVs, it is evident that the environmental impact of EVs -due to air pollution- is minimal.

Session: 29, Room: E, at Fri, 09/06/2019 - 12:15 to 12:30
Oral presentation in Energy technologies and sustainability

In this study, pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of the plum seed was investigated. For this purpose, the characteristics of the raw materials were determined by proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon), structural analysis (holocellulose, hemicellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, oil, protein and extractive material) and ultimate analysis .The pyrolytic behavior of the feedstocks was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Then pyrolysis temperature, which is a significant pyrolysis parameter, investigated the effect of heating rate on pyrolysis product yields. When the pyrolysis temperature is 550°C, the nitrogen flow rate is 100 cm3/min and the heating rate is 100°C/min, the highest liquid product yield is achieved. In order to improve the quality of the liquid product obtained as the next process, catalytic pyrolysis of the raw material in optimum conditions is carried out. Catalytic pyrolysis experiments were carried out by adding 10% of Purmol CTX-1 catalyst to the raw material. Liquid products are characterized with spectroscopic and chromatographic methods such as GC-MS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR

Session: 29, Room: E, at Fri, 09/06/2019 - 12:00 to 12:15
Oral presentation in Energy technologies and sustainability

Energy is the base for development in present time. A sustainable renewable energy source is needed to overcome the requirement of special conditions and infrastructure for the development of rural areas. Saltwater is available in abundance and energy can be harnessed directly with ease. The study analysed saltwater energy potential of three salt companies by varying salt concentration at the rate of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 10 %. The company with higher energy potential was further analyzed at increased concentration of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The sustainability of the energy was determined in terms of carbon emission as compared to kerosene lamp widely used in rural areas as a fuel. The energy potential of saltwater energy is low but can be successfully used in rural areas for lightning purpose. The concluded that saltwater energy

Session: 29, Room: E, at Fri, 09/06/2019 - 12:45 to 13:00
Oral presentation in Energy technologies and sustainability

Starch degrading enzymes like amylase have received great attention because of their technological significance and economic benefits. As a result of screening of Durmishidze Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology collection of mycelial fungi, accounting 2500 individual strains, 39 strains poducing amylases have been revealed. Three promising enzyme producer strains of genus Aspergillus have been selected and technical preparations of their amylases obtained. The hydrolysis process of starch of different concentrations with the technical preparationof Aspergillus niger p8-3 at 680С was studied. 94- 96 % yield of glucose was reached at incubation of 30% and 40% starch with technical preparations of fungal enzymes during 8 hours.

Session: 29, Room: E, at Fri, 09/06/2019 - 13:15 to 13:18
Flash presentation in Energy technologies and sustainability